Questions and Answers: Crop Production and Management Class 8 CBSE/NCERT
Q. 1. Fill in the blanks: (Select the correct word from the given list) Float, water, crop, Nutrients, preparation
(a) The same kind of plants grown and cultivated on a large scale at a place is called———–
Ans: Crop
(b) The first step before growing crops is ———of soil.
Ans: Preparation
(c) Damaged seeds would ————- on top of the water.
Ans: Float
(d) For growing a crop sufficient sunlight and water and nutrients from the soil are essential.
Ans: Water and Nutrients
Q. 2. Column A Column B (Correct match)
(i) Kharif crop Paddy and maize
(ii) Rabi crop Wheat, gram, pea
(iii) Chemical fertilizers Urea and phosphate
(iv) Organic manure Animal excreta, cow dung urine, and plant waste
Question: Examples of
(a) Kharif crops: maize, soyabean, paddy, groundnut, etc.
(b) Rabi crops: Pea, Mustard Wheat, Gram, etc.
Question: If wheat is sown in the kharif season, what would happen? Discuss.
Answer: Since wheat is a Rabi crop, it needs a chilly climate to develop well. If it is sown during the Kharif season, it won’t grow correctly and may even be damaged by the season’s severe rain.
Question: Explain how soil gets affected by the continuous plantation of crops in a field.
Answer: The crop receives mineral nutrients from the soil. These elements are crucial for the development of plants. Crops are grown continuously, decreasing the soil of some nutrients. As a result, farmers must add manure to the fields to replace the nutrients in the soil.
TOP AGRICULTURAL PRODUCING STATES OF INDIA
Name of some crops 1st position 2nd position
Rice West Bengal Uttar Pradesh
Wheat Uttar Pradesh Madhya Pradesh
Sugarcane Uttar Pradesh Maharashtra
Gram Madhya Pradesh Tamil Nadu
Question: Write a paragraph in your own words on each of the following.
(a) Preparation of soil
(b) Sowing
(c) Weeding
(d) Threshing
Ans:
Preparation of soil
The first step in soil preparation is to turn and loosen the soil so that plant roots can penetrate deeply. The growth of numerous soil microorganisms, earthworms, etc. is helped by soil loosening, and these organisms feed the soil with humus and other necessary nutrients. Since nutrients are necessary for the healthy development and operation of plants. Tilling or ploughing the soil is the term for the soil-loosening procedure. The nutrient-rich soil rises to the surface after tilling or ploughing. The top layer of soil’s nutrients is used to the fullest extent by the plants as they develop there.
Sowing
Another crucial phase of crop production is sowing. To grow a crop, the seed must be planted in or on the soil. We select seeds that are top quality, clean, and healthy. Selecting high-quality seeds can increase crop productivity. The farmers utilize one of two techniques for planting seeds
Traditional Method
Typically, a seed drill or a conventional tool is used for sowing. The seeds were buried two to three centimeters deep in the soil using the conventional instrument, which has a funnel-like structure. It was previously employed for seeding.
Seed drill
To plant seeds, tractors are utilized in conjunction with a seed drill. It plants the seed at the appropriate depth and spacing. Additionally, it makes sure that the seeds are covered in dirt to keep birds away. This tool’s use results in significant labour and time savings.
Weeding
Weeds are undesirable plants that grow alongside the crop. To keep the agricultural plants from competing with the weeds for nutrients, light, and space, weeding is the process of getting rid of them from the field. Crop plants consequently receive less food, light, and space for growth. therefore decreasing agricultural output.
The farmers employ a variety of techniques to get rid of weeds, including Weedicides like 2-4 D can be used to control weeds. These are the chemicals that are sprayed in the field after being diluted with water. Although weedicides kill weeds, they don’t affect crops. Before planting seeds, tilling or ploughing the field might assist get rid of weeds. The weeds are removed from the field by tilling. The land should be cleared of weeds before they blossom or set seed. With the aid of a “khurpi,” weeds can be manually removed. It entails routinely uprooting or trimming weeds just above the ground.
Threshing
Separating grains or seeds from the chaff is done through threshing. It is carried out following crop harvesting. Typically, it is done with the use of a device called “Combine.” It is a harvester and thresher in one device. It cleans grains and harvests plants.
Question: What are weeds? How can we control them?
Ans: Weeds are undesirable plants that coexist with crop plants. The crop and weeds battle for resources including light, space, and nutrients. Crop plants consequently receive less food, light, and space for growth. This consequently lowers their output. Therefore, a variety of weeding techniques are used.
Question: Some important weeding methods are
Ans: i. Weeds can be controlled by spraying fields with weedicides, which are chemicals that destroy any weeds that are there. Crops are not harmed by these.
ii. Tilling before planting crops aids in getting rid of weeds. By tilling, weeds are pulled up. Before they flower and set seed, is the ideal time to pull weeds. iii. Using a khurpi is the manual method of eradicating weeds. It entails routinely uprooting or trimming weeds just above the ground.