October 2022

Gene Pool: History, Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary gene pool and Importance

The set of all genes, or genetic data, in any population, typically of a specific species, is known as the Gene Pool
A Gene pool is a collection of all the genes (including alleles) found in a population or species that is capable of reproduction.
The term “Gene pool” refers to the entire gene pool found in interbreeding populations. One way to look at this is that the population’s ability to survive environmental problems increases with the size of the gene pool. Inbreeding can result in a narrow gene pool and a decreased capacity to endure environmental obstacles wherever these people live, such as among siblings or first cousins.

Gene Pool: History, Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary gene pool and Importance Read More »

Avocado Plant (Persea Americana): Classification, History, Origin, Discovery, Distribution, Characteristics, Phytochemistry, and, Nutritional Attributes

Avocado trees should ideally be planted outside in the spring. This gives the tree plenty of time to establish itself before the chilly winter weather arrives. This is particularly crucial in the hardiness zones for avocado trees in the north. Select a planting place where there will be enough space for these tall trees to flourish. If you’re planting more than one avocado tree, space them at least 30 feet apart and at least 10 feet away from any buildings.
Remember that avocado trees’ roots are highly delicate, and make an effort to avoid disturbing them needlessly while planting. Wider than the root system, dig a hole. Since planting the tree too deep or too shallowly can result in issues, the depth of the hole should typically match the height of the root ball.
As a result of the tree’s susceptibility to strong winds, very young, delicate, and immature trees might benefit from support. Your tree will stay upright and healthy if you put it in an area that gives wind shelter. Make sure your tree has good soil drainage and receives lots of sunlight. Sand or another well-draining substrate can be added to the soil to improve it if the soil is not in optimal condition before planting. Although doing so would eventually slow their growth, avocado trees can also be planted in containers.

Avocado Plant (Persea Americana): Classification, History, Origin, Discovery, Distribution, Characteristics, Phytochemistry, and, Nutritional Attributes Read More »

Shark: Excretory System, Reproductive System, Nervous System, and, Sense Organs

The excretory system is closely related to the reproductive system. Males and females differ significantly in several key ways. A pair of opisthonephric kidneys, which are long, thin, highly vascularized strips of tissue that filter nitrogenous wastes from the blood, chiefly urea, make up the excretory system. The archinephric ducts are responsible for kidney drainage. The more caudal section of the archinephric duct also carries urea produced by the kidneys in males, whereas the cranial portion of the duct serves primarily a reproductive purpose. The female has smaller and shorter archinephric ducts. The two tiny auxiliary urinary ducts in males that drain into the urogenital sinus receive urine from the archinephric ducts. The male auxiliary urinary ducts and the archinephric ducts discharge into the urinary papilla, a little projection into the cloaca. In males, the urogenital papilla is another name for the urinary papilla. Materials from the digestive, reproductive, and excretory systems are delivered to the cloaca. Excretory waste leaves the cloaca and travels outside. A duct connects the rectal or digitiform gland to the big intestine. This tubular organ helps the dogfish maintain a healthy osmotic equilibrium in its bodily fluids by excreting extra sodium chloride.

Shark: Excretory System, Reproductive System, Nervous System, and, Sense Organs Read More »

Shark: Skeletal System, Muscular System, Digestive System, Respiratory System, and, Circulatory System

Sharks have a fairly simple muscle structure. The majority of the musculature is made up of huge, striated, segmented, V-shaped muscle groups termed myotomes, which are easily visible in a skinned shark. The exceptions to this rule are specific muscles that govern the jaws and particular fins. A connective tissue-based myoseptum divides individual myotomes from one another. Additionally, a horizontal septum divides them into dorsal and ventral groupings.

Shark: Skeletal System, Muscular System, Digestive System, Respiratory System, and, Circulatory System Read More »

Shark: The External Anatomy, Head, Trunk, and Tail

Sharks occur in over 400 different varieties. Each type of shark has a distinct appearance, diet, and behavior. Sharks may be found in all four oceans on the planet. Some sharks can fit inside a fish tank, while others are smaller than a school bus. Sharks come in a wide range of hues. Their skin tone usually makes it easier for individuals to blend in with their surroundings. However, certain sharks that dwell in the ocean’s deepest regions have sections that light at night. While some sharks can survive in freshwater, most sharks dwell in saltwater. Sharks all have different characteristics that make them special or make them unique. Sharks are a type of fish. Sharks and common fish have several similarities as well as differences. The cartilage that makes up a shark’s skeleton. Bones make up the skeleton of fish. The tough, flexible material found in people’s ears and noses is cartilage. Sharks have gills, just like other fish. Fish breathe through their gills. People use their lungs to absorb oxygen from the air, unlike fish. Fish use their gills to draw oxygen from the water. Sharks and fish need water to pass over their gills to acquire enough oxygen. Most sharks need to swim in water with a very high current to keep the water moving.

Shark: The External Anatomy, Head, Trunk, and Tail Read More »

Australian Umbrella Tree: Classification, Distribution, Description, Ecological Significance, and, Care for Umbrella Plants

A Member of the Araliaceae family of trees, Heptapleurum actinophyllum was formerly known as Schefflera actinophylla. Schefflera is an epiphyte in the genus. The tropics and subtropics are home to a large number of Schefflera species, which number over 650. The Schefflera looks a lot like an exotic, 25-foot-tall plant umbrella thanks to its huge, palmately complex, lustrous leaves perched atop its numerous, thin, naked trunks. Schefflera gives any landscape usage, from patio pots to interiorscapes to covered outdoor areas, a tropical feel. Schefflera will expand quickly to form a dense windbreak or screen for property lines and is capable of growing to a height of 40 feet. In the summer, trees that are growing in full sunlight will bloom, with an odd arrangement of tiny blooms on three-foot-diameter, rigid terminal clusters. These clusters, which are held above the foliage, are organized like the tentacles of an octopus or the ribs of an inverted umbrella. After the crimson blooms, half-inch reddish-purple fruits appear. Several Schefflera species’ leaves and bark are used as diuretics and cough remedies. The treatment of asthma, liver disorders, rheumatism, arthritis, sprains, fractures, stomach ache, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, migraine, and general tonic is among the ethnomedical uses of Schefflera (Ragasa et al., 2005). Caffeoyl acids, quercetin glycoside, and oleanolic acid glycoside are the primary components of S. venulosa extract, which promotes blood circulation and guards against cerebral and heart vascular disorders (Purohith et al., 1991).

Australian Umbrella Tree: Classification, Distribution, Description, Ecological Significance, and, Care for Umbrella Plants Read More »

Babul (Acacia nilotica): Introduction, Classification, Origin, distribution, Plant Description, Chemical constituents, and, Uses

Acacia nilotica is often referred to as the Egyptian thorn, Babul, or prickly tree. The nitrogen-fixing tree legume acacia serves a variety of purposes. It can be found anywhere from the sea to a height of nearly 2000 metres. It can tolerate temperatures as high as 50 degrees Celsius and air dryness, but while it is young, it is vulnerable to frost. From Egypt through Mauritania south to South Africa, it is widely distributed in subtropical and tropical Africa. In Asia, it is widely distributed east to Pakistan and India.

Babul (Acacia nilotica): Introduction, Classification, Origin, distribution, Plant Description, Chemical constituents, and, Uses Read More »

Buffalograss: Distribution, Habitat, Classification, Characteristics, and, Uses

Buffalograss is an indigenous, warm-season, stoloniferous perennial that reaches heights of 4 to 6 inches. The length and width of the leaf blade are 3 to 6 inches. A row of short hairs forms the ligule. It is a dioecious plant. The seed head is supported by a spike on both sexes. The male blooms have two or three small spikes on slender, upright stems, while the female flowers are burs partially concealed amid the leaves (Leithead et al., 1971).

Buffalograss: Distribution, Habitat, Classification, Characteristics, and, Uses Read More »

Mother of thousands Plant (Kalanchoe daigremontiana): Introduction Classification, Distribution, Description, Chemical constituents, and, Care

The succulent plant Kalanchoe daigremontiana, also known as The Mother of thousands, Alligator plant, Devil’s backbone, the Crown of thorns, or Mexican hat plant, is indigenous to Madagascar. It was formerly known as Bryophyllum daigremontianum. It can reproduce vegetatively through plantlets that form on its leaf margins, as well as by upshoots from lateral roots, seeds, and other Bryophyllum species (now included in the genus Kalanchoe). This species contains a very poisonous steroid called daigremontianin in all of its components.

Mother of thousands Plant (Kalanchoe daigremontiana): Introduction Classification, Distribution, Description, Chemical constituents, and, Care Read More »

Starfish: Characteristic Features, Body wall, Water Vascular System, Digestive System, Excretion System, Nervous System, Circulatory System

Asterias forbesi can be found from low tide to a depth of about 50 meters along the majority of the eastern seaboard, from Maine to the Gulf of Mexico. This species integrates with closely related species, as is typical of the more specialized groupings of Asteroidea. On rocky or shelly bottoms, specimens are found alone or in sizable groups. Because it is a predaceous oyster-eating creature, this starfish is economically significant and has been the subject of in-depth research. This animal causes the oyster business to lose a lot of money every year. Along with oysters, the starfish also consumes clams, mussels, sea snails, dead fish, worms, and in some rare instances, other starfish.
It is known that starfish migrate at certain seasons, however, it is unclear what this migration looks like or how far it goes. This organism moves quite slowly, on average 6 inches per minute, according to observations of its locomotion. The isolated geographic distribution of this species, however, seems to suggest that the range of these creatures’ wanderings is quite small.
Like all other living things, starfish have natural adversaries. Cold and fresh water, different fish, gulls and crows, and parasites are a few of these harmful agents and natural enemies. The menhaden is undoubtedly the foe that causes the most damage to starfish. This fish only consumes the tiny aquatic organisms that float or swim in the water. Only once the sun has set are the starfish larvae safe from this fish. The scene involves a transformation procedure and attachment to a bottom-level object. The tiny algae and other small types of plankton make up the nutrition of the free-swimming larvae.
The starfish is vulnerable to parasite attack. The parasite organisms assault the starfish’s gonads, damaging the tissue and partially or completely rendering it sterile.

Starfish: Characteristic Features, Body wall, Water Vascular System, Digestive System, Excretion System, Nervous System, Circulatory System Read More »