September 2023

Microbes in industrial production: Fermentation, Alcoholic Beverages, Dairy Products, Biopharmaceuticals, Wastewater Treatment, Cosmetics and Personal Care Products

Fermentation: Fermentation is one of the most common industrial processes involving microbes. It is used in the production of a wide range of products, including:
Alcoholic Beverages: Yeast fermentation is used to produce beer, wine, and spirits by converting sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide.
Dairy Products: Lactic acid bacteria are used in the fermentation of milk to produce yogurt, cheese, and buttermilk.
Bread: Yeast fermentation is essential for leavening bread, creating characteristic texture and flavor.

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Microbes in household food processing: Fermentation, Pickling, Canning and Preserving, Fermented Beverages, Cheese making, Chocolate and Coffee

Bread: Yeast fermentation is essential for making bread rise and develop its characteristic texture and flavor.
Yogurt: Lactic acid bacteria ferment milk sugars, turning milk into yogurt and giving it a tangy taste.
Cheese: Different types of bacteria and moulds are used in cheese-making to develop unique textures and flavors.

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Microbes in Human Welfare: Fermentation, Bioremediation, Probiotics, Wastewater Treatment and Environmental Balance

Probiotics are live microorganisms that offer health benefits when consumed in adequate amounts. They are often found in fermented foods like yogurt and can help maintain a healthy gut microbiome, improve digestion, and boost the immune system.

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Biofortification: Key Aspects and Examples for Class 12th

Golden Rice: This is one of the most well-known examples of biofortification. Golden Rice is genetically modified to produce beta-carotene, a precursor to vitamin A. It helps combat vitamin A deficiency, a major health issue in many developing countries.
Iron-Biofortified Beans: Iron deficiency anaemia is a widespread health problem, especially among women and children. Iron-biofortified beans are bred to have higher levels of iron, making them a more nutritious food source.
Zinc-Biofortified Wheat: Wheat is a staple crop for many people, but it often lacks essential nutrients like zinc. Zinc-biofortified wheat varieties are developed to provide higher levels of zinc, addressing zinc deficiency.

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