Rocks: Definition, Rock Cycle, Sedimentary, Metamorphic and Igneous Rocks

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Rocks are solid aggregates or mixtures of minerals, mineraloids, or organic compounds that occur naturally. They are the fundamental constituents of the crust of the Earth and can be made up of one or several minerals. The rock cycle is a geological process that causes rocks to continuously change throughout time, moving from one type to another. Geology is the study of rocks and the processes that shape the Earth.

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Determining the soil texture in various terrestrial environments: Soil Sampling, Soil Separation, Particle Size Analysis, Texture Determination, Feel Method

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Soil Sampling
Take soil samples from various sites in the terrestrial habitat you are examining. To collect samples at different depths, use a shovel or soil auger.

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ATMOSPHERE: Origin, Composition and Structure, Atmospheric particles, Oxygen Consumers, Aerosols, Troposphere, Stratosphere, and Thermosphere

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A band of gases encircling the Earth’s surface is one of the four elements of the ecosystem (the other three being the biosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere). Within 20 miles of the surface of the earth, 99 percent of its mass is concentrated. The atmosphere just disappears into space, having no outer bound.

ATMOSPHERE: Origin, Composition and Structure, Atmospheric particles, Oxygen Consumers, Aerosols, Troposphere, Stratosphere, and Thermosphere Read More »

Minerals and Rocks: Soil, Weathering of Rocks, Soil profile (O horizon, A horizon, B horizon, and C horizon)

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Minerals are inorganic crystalline materials that exist naturally and have certain chemical and physical characteristics. A mineral or group of minerals together to form rocks. Only a small number of the more than 2000 minerals are required to identify the majority of rocks. Rocks and minerals serve as the solids’ building blocks. The soil type is determined by its structure, content, and texture.

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Lithosphere: Origin, composition, structure, Plate Tectonics, Mantel convection, Crust, and Mantle

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The Greek terms lithos, which means “rocky,” and sphaeros, which means “sphere,” are the source of the term “lithosphere.”
There was no atmosphere to retain the heat as the earth cooled. The cold temperature of space caused the surface to cool quickly (much like the top of a coffee cup does when it is exposed to air). As a result, a layer of cool rock formed, which later hardened to form the crust. Oceanic and continental lithospheres were produced as a result of variations in magma and are distinguished by the presence of granite on continents and basalt in seas, respectively.

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Origin of life: Introduction, Abiogenesis, RNA World Hypothesis, Hydrothermal Vent Environments, Panspermia, Extremophiles and Early Adaptations, Astrobiology and Exoplanets

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Astrobiology and Exoplanets: The investigation of the origins of life beyond Earth is referred to as astrobiology. When it comes to exoplanets and moons in our solar system and beyond, scientists investigate their potential habitability. The finding of organic compounds in space and the discovery of exoplanets in the habitable zone both advance our knowledge of the possibility of life existing elsewhere in the universe.

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Interconnectedness of Ecosystems: Introduction, Biotic and Abiotic Factors, Ecosystem Services, Global Connectivity, Challenges and Conservation

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The intricate web of life on Earth is woven through the interconnectedness of ecosystems. Ecosystems, defined as dynamic communities of living organisms interacting with each other and their environment, play a crucial role in maintaining the planet’s health and balance. Understanding the interconnected nature of ecosystems is essential for postgraduate students studying various scientific disciplines, as it provides a holistic perspective on the functioning of our planet’s diverse environments.

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Interconnectedness of ecosystems: Biotic Interconnectedness, Abiotic Factors, Migration and Movement, Human Impact

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A key idea in ecology is the interconnectedness of ecosystems, which emphasises the complex web of interactions that exist between living things and their surroundings. Ecosystems are interrelated on many levels and form a delicate balance that supports life on Earth. They are not independent entities. The planet’s overall health and stability, as well as the health of specific ecosystems, depend on this interconnection.

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Population Growth and Survivorship Curves: Introduction, Population Growth, Logistic Growth, Type I Curve, Type II Curve, and Type III Curve

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Population growth, which examines variations in the total number of individuals within a given population over time, is a basic concept in ecology and demography. Sociology, ecology, public health, and other sciences all depend heavily on an understanding of population dynamics. When analysing and visualising patterns of survival within a population throughout its life cycle, survivorship curves are an extremely useful tool.

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