Wine: Classification, Red Wine, White Wine, Pink Wine, and Wine Making Technology

Leave a Comment / Botany, Food Adjuncts (Species and Beverages) /

Any drink that has ethanol in it is considered to be alcoholic. Beers, wines, and spirits distilled beverages including Whiskey, Rum, Gin, and Vodka are separated into three broad categories for taxation and manufacturing control.
Beer is created through the fermentation of starch with the addition of yeast and malted cereal starch, particularly barley, corn, rye, wheat, or a blend of various grains. Hops are typically used to add flavour to the beer. It has an alcohol content of 4–8% and 100 mL of it has between 28 and 73 kcal. Distilling ethanol from the fermentation of grains, fruits, or vegetables produces distilled alcoholic beverages. They are manufactured from fermented cereal and potato mashes, sugarcane juice, molasses, and barley and rye malt. Distilled alcoholic beverages typically contain between 40% and 60% alcohol.

Wine: Classification, Red Wine, White Wine, Pink Wine, and Wine Making Technology Read More »

Alcoholic Beverages: Barley Beers, Pilsener Beer, Munich Beer, Ale, and Porter

Leave a Comment / Botany, Food Adjuncts (Species and Beverages) /

Barley Beers
The Latin word bibere, which means to drink, is where the term “beer” originates. Brewing is the procedure used to create beer. Ancient Egyptians are known to have brewed beer from barley as far back as 4,000 years ago, but research indicates that they may have learned the skill from inhabitants of the Tigris and Euphrates, the alleged birthplace of human civilisation. However, the use of hops dates back to a few hundred years and is far more recent.
Top-fermented and bottom-fermented beers are the two main categories into which barley beers can be split. The difference is based on whether the yeast settles to the bottom of the brew (beers that are bottom-fermented) or stays on top of the brew (beers that are top-fermented).

Alcoholic Beverages: Barley Beers, Pilsener Beer, Munich Beer, Ale, and Porter Read More »

Neem: Neem oil, Larvicidal Activity, Skin Disorders, Antiulcer and Antimalarial activity

Leave a Comment / Botany, Plants /

Benefits of different Neem components
Neem oil: Beneficial for medications, cosmetics, and pest control.
Neem seed cake: Natural fertilizer and insecticide
Neem leaves: Neem leaves have several health benefits, including the ability to treat various foot fungus, prevent termites, boost immunity, reduce malarial fever, and relieve neuromuscular problems.
Neem bark and roots are used to cure a variety of illnesses, including diabetes, AIDS, cancer, heart disease, herpes, allergies, ulcers, hepatitis, and fleas and ticks on pets. They also battle against skin infections like acne, psoriasis, eczema, and scabies.

Neem: Neem oil, Larvicidal Activity, Skin Disorders, Antiulcer and Antimalarial activity Read More »

Neem: Classification, Origin, Distribution, Characteristics,  and Application

Leave a Comment / Botany, Plants /

Azadirachta has been classified into two species: Azadirachta excelsa Kack, which is only found in the Philippines and Indonesia, and Azadirachta indica A. Juss, which is indigenous to the Indian subcontinent. In India, Bangladesh, Burma, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia, the former grows as a wild tree. Neem trees are currently observed flourishing in about 72 nations across Asia, Africa, Australia, North, Central, and South America.
An estimated 25 million trees are flourishing throughout the country, with Karnataka accounting for 5.5 percent of them. Tamilnadu (17.8 percent) and Uttar Pradesh (55.7 percent) take the first and second spots, respectively. Along with Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a Union territory, the other Indian states where neem trees may be seen growing are Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Kerala, etc. India leads the world in the production of neem seeds, with an annual production of 4,42,300 tonnes of seeds that result in 88,400 tonnes of neem oil and 3,53,800 tonnes of neem cake.

Neem: Classification, Origin, Distribution, Characteristics,  and Application Read More »

Genetic Syndromes: Sickle Cell Disease, and Severe Combined immunodeficiency (SCID) For Class 11th and 12th

Leave a Comment / Botany, Genetics /

Sickle cell disease
Sickle cell disease (SCD), which is the result of homozygous and compound heterozygote inheritance of a mutation in the -globin gene, was originally described by Herrick in 1910, although reports suggested that the ailment had been described earlier. A single base-pair point mutation (GAG to GTG) causes the hydrophobic amino acid valine to replace the hydrophilic amino acid glutamic acid in the sixth position of the -chain of haemoglobin, resulting in haemoglobin S. (HbS). SCD is the first disease to be molecularly characterised, as described by Pauling, and was confirmed to be caused by a single amino acid substitution by Ingram almost 70 years ago. Despite a well-defined Mendelian inheritance, phenotypic variation in clinical presentation is a distinctive feature of SCD. When foetal haemoglobin (HbF) lowers toward the adult level by five to six months of age, SCD is a multi-organ, multi-system condition with both acute and chronic consequences.

Genetic Syndromes: Sickle Cell Disease, and Severe Combined immunodeficiency (SCID) For Class 11th and 12th Read More »

Genetic Disorders or Syndromes: Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, Phenylketonuria (PKU), and, Klinefelter Syndrome For Class 11th, and 12th  

Leave a Comment / Botany, Genetics /

Klinefelter Syndrome
Dr. Harry Klinefelter and his colleagues originally identified the set of characteristics that has come to be known as Klinefelter Syndrome in 1942. By the late 1950s, scientists had found that men who experienced this set of symptoms possessed an additional sex chromosome, XXY, rather than the typical male configuration of XY. Even while XXY is frequent, the condition is not prevalent. Many guys go through life never even realizing that they have an extra chromosome. Due to this, the name “Klinefelter syndrome” is no longer widely used in the medical field. Instead, many professionals prefer to refer to guys with an additional chromosome as “XXY males.”

Genetic Disorders or Syndromes: Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, Phenylketonuria (PKU), and, Klinefelter Syndrome For Class 11th, and 12th   Read More »

Thalassemia: Definition, Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention

Leave a Comment / Botany, Genetics /

Thalassaemia first appears Only by understanding the parents’ thalassemia status before the child is conceived can major children be avoided. To determine whether the index foetus is affected or not, parents who test positively for the carrier condition on both sides of the family must be advised to undergo prenatal diagnosis counseling in the first trimester of pregnancy. The couple is recommended to get a medical abortion if they are harmed.

Thalassemia: Definition, Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention Read More »

Pedigree Analysis: Definition, Methods, and its Importance For Class 12th, and NEET

Leave a Comment / Botany, Genetics /

Pedigree Analysis: Definition
A Pedigree is a diagrammatic description of how a specific trait or traits are passed down genetically across two or more generations of biologically related people. In other words, it is the use of symbols and ancestral lines to symbolize the links between family members. It helps in putting family relationships into perspective, especially for big extended families. To ascertain how various genetic illnesses are inherited, it is frequently utilized. Drawing a family tree using common symbols allows one to trace their family history and better comprehend inheritance types. In a Pedigree, males and females are symbolized differently, and relationships are depicted using various line patterns. Additionally, several symbols are used to symbolize carriers of a genetic characteristic or those who are impacted by it.

Pedigree Analysis: Definition, Methods, and its Importance For Class 12th, and NEET Read More »

Life Forms of Plants Based on Climate: Predation, Parasitism Allelopathy, Symbiosis, and Commensalism For Class 10th, 11th, and 12th

Leave a Comment / Botany, Ecology /

Symbiosis
When two different species work together for their mutual benefit, the relationship is known as a symbiotic association, and the involved species are known as symbionts. Examples of symbiotic relationships include phycobiont and mycobiont affiliations in lichen, rhizobium associations in root nodules, and mycorrhizal relationships in various species. Ectosymbiosis, like the mycorrhizal connection, is when two species live apart from one another. Endosymbiosis, on the other hand, is when one organism lives inside the other, like algal cells within the fungal matrix in lichens and rhizobium bacteria in plant root nodules.

Life Forms of Plants Based on Climate: Predation, Parasitism Allelopathy, Symbiosis, and Commensalism For Class 10th, 11th, and 12th Read More »