Plants

Devil’s Apple: Classification, Origin, Distribution, Description Phytochemical compounds and Uses

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Datura stramonium is an annual plant.Devil’s trumpet, Jamestown, or Jimson weed are all names for the plant Datura stramonium (Lee, 2007). Its Solanaceae family, which includes deadly nightshade (Atropabelladenna), is abundant in alkaloids. One of the most prevalent poisonous plants in the northern hemisphere is a weed called C.maculatum which belongs to the Apiaceae family. Due to the little gap between its therapeutic and hazardous dosages, it was once utilized as a medication, but its medicinal usefulness is now relatively limited (Vetter, 2004).
It is an annual plant. The stem is herbaceous, branching, glabrous, and mildly hairy, while the leaves are stalked, 4-6 in long, ovate, and pale green. Fruits are as large as walnuts and covered in thorns. The plant is toxic on its whole. The entire plant is used in West Africa as an anti-inflammatory, as well as a remedy for skin infections and tooth problems. The crushed, dried leaves are used as a therapeutic ointment or to sprinkle on cuts.

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Mexican argemone: History, Classification, Habitat, Chemical Constituents, and, Uses

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Argemone mexicana was mistakenly introduced as a contaminant in seed, as an ornamental plant, or for cultivation primarily for ethnobotanical research. The history of its inception and global dissemination is poorly understood. It was originally noted on Ascension in 1828 and had become the most widespread weed on St. Helena by 1814. It was unintentionally introduced to New Zealand in the 1890s together with imported wheat. The plant was originally noted in 1934 and was brought to Hawaii as an ornamental. Tye noted that the plant was still very uncommon and expressed concern that it might pose a future threat. It was originally observed in the wild in the Czech Republic in 1965, but it now seems to be extinct.

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Gardenia Plant: Classification, Distribution, Characteristics, Locations, and Uses

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The Gardenia is one of roughly 250 species of flowering plants in the Rubiaceae family that are indigenous to tropical and subtropical parts of Africa, southern Asia, Australia, and Oceania. The Gardenia flower is a symbol of feminine skill, Refinement, and Grace in China and Japan.

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Wolfsbane Plant: Classification, Morphology, and Uses

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Toxicology of Aconitine
It is easily absorbed both through the skin and mucous membranes. In very high doses, respiratory paralysis and cardiac collapse both cause death. Paresthesia, which includes tingling in the mouth, begins a few minutes after consumption. Starting from the extremities, this covers the entire body. Followed by anaesthesia, bodily cooling and sweating, nausea and vomiting, and other symptoms.

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Prosopis cineraria: Distribution, Classification, Plant Description, Phytochemistry, and Uses

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The Prosopis cineraria tree’s usefulness for health has been emphasized in old Ayurvedic texts.
Bark: Prosopis cineraria bark has cooling properties, is an anthelmintic and tonic and treats a variety of illnesses including dysentery, bronchitis, asthma, leucoderma, piles, and muscle spasms (Kirtikar & Basu 1984). diarrhoea, worm infestations, rheumatism, colds and coughs, and skin conditions (Sharma et al.,1993). Anyone bitten by a snake or a scorpion can get treatment right away by applying the plant’s bark to their wound (Chopra et al., 1956). It has been said that using bark as a food source helped save many lives during the Rajputana servere famine of 1868–1869 It was turned into flour and used to make cakes.
Leaf: Prosopis leaves are highly nutritious and are referred to as “Long.” Prosopis leaf extract has antibacterial, antihyperglycemic, and antioxidant properties (Pal et al., 2015). Leaf smoke appears to be beneficial for eye problems. Animal mouth ulcers are treated with leaf paste on boils and blisters, while exposed skin sores are treated with leaf infusion (Nandkarni et al., 2000). Medicines for treating neurological diseases are made from leaves and fruits. Camel, goat, and cow eat the leaves as well as the pods.

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Rauvolfia serpentine: History, Classification, Distribution, Morphological Features and Uses

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Rauwolfia serpentina is said to appear in Sanskrit as an Ayurvedic medicine named Sarpgandha and Chandra. Sarpgandha, snakes smell or repellant refers to the use as an antidote for Snake-bite. Sen and Bose in 1931 reported the Rauwolfia serpentina valuable and safe in the treatment of High blood pressure “almost to a precision not found possible with any other drug, Eastern or western”. In 1949 Vakil concluded that, after extensive trials of various hypotensive remedies in several thousand cases of hypertension, in both private and hospital practice during the previous ten years, He found Rauwolfia serpentina to be the most successful drug and maintain a definite place in medicine because Rauwolfia serpentina lowered both systolic and diastolic blood pressure and It was non-toxic, with only mild toxic effects.

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Santalum album: Habit, Distribution, Characteristics, Phytochemical Constituents,  Aromatic and, medicinal value

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1. The Santalum album Linn., often known as “Chandan” locally, is a member of the plant kingdom’s Santalaceae family.
2. The genus Santalum, which is in the family Santalaceae, is home to the most widely recognized and commonly used fragrant tree known as the sandalwood tree.
3. The term sandalwood alone indicates that it is a woody tree. The tree is also referred to as a white sandal tree in English and is traded as East Indian sandalwood. It is listed as a plant species that is vulnerable (IUCN 2000).
4. A small to medium-sized tree with opposite leaves, axillary or terminal hermaphrodite blooms, a trichotomous panniculate cymose inflorescence, and small globose fruiting berries, the Santalum album is evergreen, glabrous, and semi-parasitic.
5. The heartwood is yellowish in colour and fragrant, whereas the sapwood is white and odourless.

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Papaya Carica’s Traditional and Medical Uses

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The fruit of the solitary species in the genus Carica of the plant family Caricaceae is the papaya, often known as papaw or pawpaw. It is indigenous to the Americas’ tropics. A big, tree-like plant, the papaya has a single stem that can reach heights of 5 to 10 m (16 to 33 ft) and is covered in spirally arranged leaves only at the top of the trunk. The leaves are enormous, 50–70 cm in diameter, and have seven lobes that are deeply palmately lobed. Unless lopped, the tree is often unbranched. The leaves axils sprout blooms, which develop into substantial fruit. When the fruit is tender to the touch and has an amber to orange tint on its skin, it is ripe. These papaya nutritional benefits aid in stopping the oxidation of cholesterol. In addition to being a strong source of vitamins A, B, and G and vitamin C, papaya is also high in iron and calcium (ascorbic acid). Terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, glycosides, saponins, and steroids can be found in unripe C. papaya extracts. These papaya nutritional benefits aid in stopping the oxidation of cholesterol. In addition to being a strong source of vitamins A, B, and G and vitamin C, papaya is also high in iron and calcium (ascorbic acid). Terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, glycosides, saponins, and steroids can be found in unripe C. papaya extracts.

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Papaya: Classification, Distribution, Botanical Description, and Uses

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The fruit of the papaya plant, Carica papaya, popularly known as papaw or pawpaw, is the sole member of the plant family Caricaceae with chromosome number 18. (Martelleto et al 2008). The red- and pink-fleshed varieties of the Carica papaya are referred to as papaya in Australia, whereas the yellow-fleshed varieties are called pawpaw. The plant is known as papaya in India (Dhillon 2013). It is indigenous to America’s tropics. One of the most significant economic crops in the tropics and subtropics is papaya (Reddy and Gowda 2014). Despite being a tropical fruit, it may also be cultivated in sub-tropical environments (Allan 2002, Galan and Rodriguez 2007). A fruit crop with a brief lifespan that can reach a height of 30 feet is the papaya. The stem is hollow and typically unbranched with softwood. Long stalked, palm-like leaves are present. Fruit from a pistillate flower has an ovoid-oblong form. The fruit is a berry with flesh. Smooth and green when unripe, papaya skin turns yellowish or orange when fully ripe. Orange or reddish-orange, the centre cavity is five-angled. The seeds are round, wrinkled, and black or greyish. The gelatinous sarcotesta is made of the exterior integument (Kumar et al 2013). Although papayas are hermaphrodite, they can also be dioecious. It is a well-liked crop among farmers, and there is a steady market demand for the fruits. It is a highly lucrative crop that has a favourable cost-benefit ratio (Sharma and Zote 2010). Papaya growth stops in subtropical climates at temperatures below 11 °C (Allan et al 2002). Therefore, papaya growing under protection in a subtropical area might offer the best conditions for the fruit’s development and productivity. With the important additional benefit of the Ring spot virus being excluded, growth and blooming benefits from the environment within the enclosed chambers result in improved yields, both in fruit quality and quantity (Galan and Rodriguez 2007). Determining papaya productivity and quality characteristics under protected agriculture is therefore crucial.

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Khaya anthotheca: Origin, Classification, Characteristics, and Uses

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Khaya anthotheca, a member of the Meliaceae family, has six species, four of which are found in equatorial Africa and two each in Madagascar and the Comores (Wiselius, 1998). The paripinnate leaves and mostly spherical, 4-5 valved, dehiscent woody capsules of this genus make it simple to identify. Numerous trial plantations in Indonesia and Peninsular Malaysia introduced Khaya members (Wiselius, 1998). Khaya species are tall, with cylindric boles, and are naturally fast-growing. It is virtually always grown in homesteads across Bangladesh, primarily in the country’s southwestern regions. It was impossible to identify due to a paucity of fruiting and flowering plants. Its flowering and fruiting specimens were taken from Jessore in 2009.

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