Plants

Rose (Rosa Indica): Introduction, Classification, Characteristics, Propagation, Cultivation, Rose products, and Medicinal Uses

The king of flowers, the Rose (Rosa indica), also known as Gulab-Jo-Gul in Sindhi, is a member of the Rosaceae family. It is a woody and prickly shrub, and the rose in particular is utilized as a symbol of love and beauty in both peace and conflict. It is a shrub plant with over 200 cultivars and hundreds of species (Horn, 1992). (Kim et al., 2003). While some species are native to Africa, North America, and Europe, a significant portion of species is native to Asia. In the Indo-Pak region, Rose flavored kulfi, ice cream, and Rooh Afza are the most widely consumed foods. Additionally, rose blooms are utilized in cosmetics and fragrances.

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Caladium bicolor (Heart of Jesus): Introduction, Classification, Characteristics, Toxicity

Caladium bicolor (CB), sometimes called “Elephant ears,” “Heart of Jesus,” and “Angels wings,” is a decorative foliage plant that is cultivated from tubers. There has been evidence of an anti-diarrheal action from the aqueous extract (Olanrewaju et al., 2015). According to Odugbemi (2006), the leaves and rhizomes are used topically in Nigeria as purgatives and convulsant management techniques, as well as for boils, wounds, and ulcers.

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Pecteilis korigadensis: Introduction, Etymology, Distribution, Classification, Description, and Threats   

Pecteilis korigadensis is different from P. gigantea, P. henryi, P. susannae, and P. triflora in that it has cauline leaves with large, conspicuous flowers and long spurs, a trilobed lip with lateral lobes spreading, a denticulate lip with few lacerations toward the apex, and a midlobe that is shorter than lateral lobes.
2. Terrestrial plants with a height of up to 50 cm (including inflorescence). 2, oblong, 4.0–5.0 1.5–2.0 cm tubers, and 8, 0.5 cm thick roots.
3. Stems are upright, leafy all over, and 2-3 sheathed at the base.
4. Leaves 7, alternating, oblong to lanceolate, 3.5-14.5 1.8-3.5 cm, acute at apex, border whole, sheathing and amplexicaul at the base, midnerve noticeable beneath, with 3 parallel veins on each side.
5. Basal leaves are smaller, increasing larger at somewhat below the middle of the stem. An 8 cm long, 6-flowered terminal raceme with a 2 cm long peduncle covered at the base by broad sterile bracts is the inflorescence.

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Hollyhock  (Alcea rosea): Introduction, Classification, Habitat, Cultivation, propagation and collection, Plant Description, Phytochemicals, Properties and, use

The Malvaceae family includes Althaea rosea. The Greek word altho, which means to cure, is the source of the name Althaea (generic). Because of the unique abilities of mallows to soften and heal, the word “Malvaceae” (order) is derived from the Greek word malake (soft). The common name Hollyhock may have originated from holy and the Anglo-Saxon term hoc, which stands for Mallon. A majestic decorative plant, Althaea rosea produces a huge, multicoloured single, semi-double, double, or frilled blooms. This plant’s entire body contains mucilage, which is why it is employed in medicine. This herb is helpful for a wide range of illnesses, including cough, arthritis, inflammatory problems, asthma, bronchitis, boils, abscesses, skin scrapes, ulcers, burns, peptic ulceration, renal calculi, and kidney disorders.

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African lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula): Introduction, Classification, Origin, Distribution, Description, and, Uses

The Poaceae family includes the plant Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees (1841). Cynodon, Sporobolus, and Spartina are among the genera that are closely related. Eragrostis has about 300 recognized species worldwide, mostly in tropical and subtropical areas (Stanley and Ross 1989; Harden 1993). Australia has 69 species of Eragrostis, 52 of which are native, and the rest are introduced (Harden 1993). Queensland has 60 species, 22 of which are found in southeast Queensland, and 7 are introduced (Stanley and Ross 1989). (Hnatinuk 1990). African lovegrass seems to prefer disturbed areas in Australia, particularly along roadsides and in pastures that have been overgrazed for a while. It is typically found in abundance in sandy riverbanks and beach dunes and is typically associated with lightly textured (sandy) soil types, particularly granitic sands. It thrives in some locations on rich, acidic red soils. High seed production, rapid seedling growth, and drought tolerance are all desirable traits in a pasture plant, but some strains’ poor taste makes them weedy. It has been planted all over Australia to preserve soil and improve pasture.

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Croton Mummy (Codiaeum variegatum): Introduction, Classification, Distribution, Characteristics, Toxicity, and, Uses

The sap from crotons, which are linked to euphorbias, can give sensitive persons skin rashes. If consumed, it can also upset the stomach and result in more severe symptoms if consumed in big quantities. Like with the majority of mild- to moderately hazardous houseplants, the plant’s pungent flavour typically deters animals and young children from consuming it. Always exercise caution while keeping indoor plants close to animals or youngsters.
Bark, roots, and leaves all produce deadly latex. 5-Deoxyingenol is the toxin present. The latex, when exposed repeatedly, produces eczema in gardeners while the bark and roots can result in mouth burns. Humans and domestic animals both employ exudates as purgatives, irritating the skin in the process (Bronson, 2005).

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Donkey’s tail (Sedum morganianum): Introduction, Discovery, Classification, Characteristics, and, Cultivation

Sedum is a genus comprising over 280 species in the northern hemisphere (North America, Europe, and Asia), and Sedum morganianum is without a doubt the most well-known and widely cultivated of the about 100 Sedum species Stephenson (1994) identified for Mexico. Sedum morganianum, also known as “Cola de borrego” or “Cola de burro” in Mexico, is also known as “Burro’s tail” or “Donkey’s tail” in English due to the long stems’ resemblance to an animal’s tail. A very popular plant for hanging baskets is the burro’s tail. Growing perfect specimens, however, may be quite a challenge because the lovely, pale green leaves fall off at the least touch. Fortunately, every removed leaf can quickly recover to create new plants. It makes an excellent basket plant for the garden, greenhouse, or windowsill thanks to its pendent habit of growth, which hangs vertically.
Donkey Tail is a Mexican native. For hanging baskets, it produces a beautiful succulent plant. The spindle-shaped leaves are formed in a silver-blue colour. Pendulous branches may reach 3 feet or more in baskets. The common name is derived from the plant’s growth pattern, which results in long, trailing stems that resemble ropes and are densely covered with leaves. It rarely blooms, but when it does, the flowers range in colour from pink to deep red. It grows nicely in a wall pot or a hanging basket and needs good drainage, some shade, and wind protection. This sedum is delicate and is frequently grown as a houseplant. This plant can be easily propagated by dropping a single leaf or a stem onto sandy soil. It only takes a few days for it to root and produce fresh “leaflets.”

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Cock’s comb plant: Introduction, Classification, History, Description, Cultivation, Phytochemical Constituents, Traditional Uses, and Pharmacological Action

A member of the genus Celosia, Celosia cristata [Celosia in Greek means burning] is also known as cockscomb because the blossom resembles the head of a rooster (cock). China refers to it as Chi Kuan. It is a member of the family Amaranthaceae, class Magnoliopsida, and order Caryophyllales. Many members of this family of plants are valued as ornamental plants because of their eye-catching inflorescences. Numerous medical features of the plant with promising activity are also known, in addition to its growing landscape. The plant with a strong medicinal effect is mentioned in Chinese herbal treatments as well as Indian Ayurveda. Commonly known as cockscomb, this plant is used to treat a variety of conditions, including hematemesis, abnormal uterine bleeding, hematochezia, hemorrhoidal bleeding, leukorrhea, chronic dysentery with persistent diarrhoea, redness of the eye and dizziness caused by excessive heat or fire in the liver, nebula with blurred vision, and more. The decoction of the entire herb is the best approach to using the plant for therapy according to conventional practice. Some people compare the Cockscomb blossoms’ dense, velvety texture to brain matter. The plume kinds are planted more frequently because of their fluffier, lighter, airier texture that blows freely in a breeze.

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Peace Lily: Introduction, Classification, Native Habitat, Characteristics, Pathological Problems, Utilization, and Care

The Peace lily is one of the more popular tropical indoor plants in the United States. Spathiphyllum is its official botanical name. One of the most common interior-design plants in the country, Spathiphyllum is named after the Greek word for the flowers’ spathe-like leaves. It is also known to be effective at removing formaldehyde, benzene, and other pollutants from indoor environments. It is frequently observed in houses and businesses, where the indirect light makes it grow wonderfully. The Peace Lily is not a lily; it was merely comparable to the white lily historically. Many people equate peace, innocence, and purity with peace lilies. However, others in the new age movement assert that they resolve problems and combat negativity. Regardless of what someone may claim, we can all agree that they provide beauty and aesthetic appeal to any space.

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Rubber Plant: Aspects of Biology for yield Production

Laticifers
The outermost bark layers of rubber trees are methodically removed to collect latex. The interior soft zone (nearer to the cambium) and the external hard zone are two separate layers that make up the anatomical organization of the bark structure of Hevea, According to Gomez (1981) and MRB (2005) (stone cells and cork). Laticifers are successively formed in the cambium region of Hevea, where they develop mostly in the soft bark layer where latex is created. The bark surface and various laticifers in Hevea species were, however, poorly described in earlier research by rubber plant breeders (Frey-Wyssling, 1930, RRIM, 1957; RRIM, 1963, RRIM, 1994). According to theories, the laticifers’ roles include latex manufacturing, physiological functions, cellulose content creation, insect defense, and participation in a transportation pathway (Pakianathan et al., 1989; Kutchan, 2005; Pickard, 2008; Konno, 2011). The rubber tree’s laticifers are described by Esau (1965) and Shamsul Bahri (2000) as a collection of articulated fused cells that support latex and form systems that infiltrate the body of the plant via numerous tissues. Other plant species, such as the papaver and Lactuca (lettuce) species, are part of similar laticifer systems. However, non-articulated laticifers, which are laticifers that are not fused, are created from individual cells and grow into branching or unbranched tube-like structures (de Fay and Jacob, 1989; Shamsul Bahri, 2000; Hagel et al., 2008).

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