Heterocysts

Biofertilisers: Definition, Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixers, and Algal Biofertilisers, Phosphate Solubilising Microorganisms, Organic Fertilisers, Advantages and Limitation of Biofertilisers

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Organic Fertilisers
The waste from plants and animals that breaks down to produce nutrients necessary for plant growth is known as Organic fertilizers. These include compost (rotted farm wastes like sugarcane trash, paddy straw, etc.), sewage and sludge, vermicompost (earthworm-decomposed organic matter), Green manures (undecomposed plant material), and other livestock manures. Farmyard manures are composed of dung, urine, and litter from farm animals (poultry, sheep, and goat sweepings). Although they are administered in vast volumes, these organic manures only contain a small percentage of the nutrients. Organic farming is the process of cultivating crops without using chemical pesticides or herbicides and solely using organic fertilizers. In addition to providing nutrients, organic fertilizers enhance the physical characteristics of the soil, boost the availability of other nutrients, and manage worms and fungi that parasitize plants.

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Cyanobacteria: Definition, Characteristics, Occurrence, Cell Structure, Reproduction, and, Importance

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The name cyanobacteria come from their color, giving them their other name, “blue-green algae”, The cyanobacteria are also known as Cyanophyceae because of their blue color. they are also called micro-alga, blue-green algae. It is the largest gram-negative bacteria. The cyanobacteria are also called oxy–photo–bacteria because it contains PS1 and PS2. The PS2 which is present is involved in the water broke down means there is the release of oxygen. When it performs photosynthesis it releases oxygen so we can say it is oxygenic photosynthesis, due to this oxygenic photosynthesis was performed by cyanobacteria, a primitive earth atmosphere that was anaerobic that was changed to present-day earth atmosphere i.e aerobic. this is the only bacterial group that shows oxygenic photosynthesis. the present-day oxygen which is present today is due to the presence of their activity i.e cyanobacteria.

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