NATURAL RESOURCES
It is the following types
A. Inexhaustible B. Exhaustible
A. Inexhaustible
1. Some natural resources are limitless and won’t run out even if used continuously.
2. Sunlight and air are examples.
B. Exhaustible
1. Due to their scarcity and potential for rapid depletion, these resources are finite.
2. Examples include forests, wildlife, minerals, coal, oil, and natural gas.
Coal
Many different plants and animals were buried under the earth’s surface millions of years ago as a result of natural disasters like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
1. Dead plants were progressively transformed into coal. Under high temperatures and pressures.
2. The gradual process of turning plant waste into coal is Carbonization
Coke
1. A rough, porous, and dark material.
2. It Burns quickly and doesn’t emit smoke like coal.
3. It is used to create artificial graphite, extract metals, make some fuel gases, like water gas, and build steel.
Petroleum
1. A liquid that is dark like the lily.
2. Has a foul smell.
3. Sea life gave rise to petroleum. When these organisms perished, their remains fell to the ocean’s floor and were coated in sand and mud. absence of air over millions of years. The dead creatures were converted into petroleum and natural gas by high pressure and temperature.
4. Petroleum is a compound made up of several different components, including petroleum gas, gasoline, diesel, lubricating oil, paraffin wax, etc.
Refining
Refracting the various components or fractions of petroleum is the process of refining. It takes place in a refinery that processes crude oil.
Natural Gas
1. An essential fuel that can be compressed and stored underneath and is simple to distribute through pipes. As compressed natural gas (CNG), a clean fuel, under high pressure.
2. It is very calorific and has little environmental impact.
Meeting Energy Crisis
The Petroleum Conservation Research Association (PCRA) offers driving tips on how to conserve gasoline and diesel.
Drive at a reasonable pace.
Verify the proper tyre pressure.
Turn off the engine when the light turns green.
Service the car.
Question: Boojho: Is it possible to consume all of our natural resources?
Ans: No, certain natural resources in nature have a limitless supply, but others have a finite amount, such as forests, wildlife, minerals, etc., thus we cannot consume all of our natural resources indefinitely.
Question: From where do we obtain coal, and how is it created?
Ans: Coal comes from the interior of the earth. Natural disasters caused forests to become compressed because they were buried under surplus earth that was dumped over them. Dead plants on the earth slowly turned into coal due to high temperatures and oxygen due to the carbonization process.
Question: Boojho: Can dead organisms be used in a laboratory to create coal, petroleum, and natural gas?
Ans: They cannot be produced under laboratory circumstances since their formation is an extremely sluggish process.
Question: What benefits do CNG and LPG have as fuels?
Ans: Because they can be easily transported through pipelines, CNG and LPG are particularly significant fuels. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) are non-polluting fuels that are used in the production of electricity. The fact that it may be burned directly in homes and factories is one of its greatest advantages.
Question: Give the name of the petroleum product used for the road surface.
Ans: For the surfacing of roadways, bitumen, a component of petroleum, is employed.
Question: Explain the formation process of coal. What’s the name of the procedure?
Ans: On Earth, there were extensive woods in low-lying wetland regions about 300 million years ago. These forests were buried beneath the soil as a result of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. They were forced down when more soil was added on top of them. Along with sinking further and more, the temperature increased. Inside the earth, dead plants progressively turned into coal due to oxygen and a high temperature. It is known as carbonization when dead vegetation slowly transforms into coal since coal is primarily composed of carbon. The term “fossil fuel” refers to coal because it was created from the leftovers of vegetation.
Question: Describe why fossil fuels are a finite resource.
Ans: Because they are created through the decomposition of the dead remnants of living things, fossil fuels are finite natural resources. These are only sparsely distributed underground. Thus, human use will put an end to it.
Question: Describe the properties and uses of coke.
Ans: Coke’s characteristics:
(i) Coke is brittle, porous, and dark in colour. It is nearly the purest form of carbon
(ii) Utilization: Coke is employed in the production of steel and the extraction of numerous metals.
Question: Describe the method through which petroleum is produced. How did petroleum form?
Ans: According to popular belief, marine organisms are what form petroleum. When these organisms perished, their remains fell to the ocean’s floor and were coated in sand and clay layers. Under conditions of the absence of air, high temperature, and high pressure, the dead organisms were converted over millions of years into petroleum oil, natural gas, and other fossil fuels. Petroleum and natural gas are fossil fuels, just like coal. Oil and gas travel upward because they are lighter than water and do not mix with them. The underlying rocks, which they are unable to penetrate, have halted them.
Question: What does CNG stand for, and why is it preferred to gasoline as a fuel?
Ans: CNG stands for Compressed Natural Gas As a result of its lower environmental impact, it is regarded as a superior fuel.
Question: List two uses for Coke.
Ans: It is employed in the extraction of numerous metals as well as the production of steel
Question: What compounds are produced by coal’s destructive distillation?
Ans: Coke, coal tar, and coal gas are products of the destructive distillation of coal.
Question: What are fossil fuels, exactly?
Ans: Some natural resources that are not replenishable are generated from the decayed remains of living things. Thus, they are all referred to as fossil fuels.
Question: When coal is heated in the air, what happens?
Ans: When coal is burned in the presence of air, it burns and mostly releases carbon dioxide gas.
Question: List a few beneficial byproducts of the industrial processing of coal.
Ans: In the manufacturing process, coal is transformed into valuable goods including coke, coal tar, and coal gas.
Question: Describe coal use.
Ans: Thermal power plants use coal to create electricity.
Question: When was London’s first street lighting powered by coal gas?
Ans: Around London in 1810 and New York around 1820, coal gas was first utilized for street lighting.
Question: Where in India can you find oil?
Ans: Oil can be discovered in India in Assam, Gujarat, Mumbai High, and the Godavari and Krishna river basins.
Question: Why is oil also referred to as “black gold”?
Ans: Petroleum is often known as “Black Gold” due to its significant commercial value.
Question: What functions does diesel serve?
Ans: Diesel is the fuel of choice for electric generators and other powerful vehicles.
Question: Natural resources such as sunlight and air are unlimited.Comment
Ans: These resources are abundant in nature and are not expected to be depleted by human activity.
Question: From whence do we obtain coal, and how is it created?
Ans: The world had thick woods in low-lying wetlands about 300 million years ago. These forests were deposited under the soil and buried by natural processes like flooding. Dead plants were progressively transformed into coal due to high pressure and temperature.
Question: What exactly is carbonation?
Ans: The gradual process of turning dead plants into coal is known as carbonization since coal is primarily composed of carbon.
Question: What are CNG and LPG’s complete names?
Ans: Compressed Natural Gas, or CNG. Liquefied Petroleum Gas, or LPG.
Question: List many applications for coal tar.
Ans: The production of many products used in daily life and industry, such as synthetic dyes, pharmaceuticals, explosives, fragrances, plastics, paints, photographic materials, etc., begins with the production of coal tar.
Question: A solution of petroleum and water is given to you. Do you have any ideas on how to separate the two?
Ans: An oil and water mixture can be separated by decantation. It is allowed for the mixture to stand. Carefully pouring and separating the lighter layer is possible without upsetting the heavier one.
Question: List the various components of petroleum along with their functions.
Ans: Petroleum’s various components and their applications
(i)Fuel for homes and businesses is LPG
(ii) Petrol: Used as a dry cleaning solvent, motor fuel, and aviation fuel.
(iii) Kerosene: Used as fuel for jet planes, lighting, and stoves.
(iv) Diesel: Used to power electric generators and heavy-duty vehicles. Lubrication
(v) Lubricating Oil Ointments, candles, Vaseline, etc. made with paraffin wax.
(vi) Bitumen: Road surfacing and paints.