February 2022

Honey bee: Classification, Characteristics, Castes, and Pest Control

Leave a Comment / Insects, Zoology /

Members of the colony of Bees (Caste system)
Honeybees are social insects that live in colonies with a well-organized system of labor division. There are three castes in each family: Queens (fertile females), Drones (males), and Labourers (sterile females). Each caste serves a distinct purpose in the colony. The Drones are males, the Workers are undeveloped females, and the Queen is a fully formed female. A good colony of bees in the summer will have between 50,000 and 60,000 workers, 1,000 or more drones, and one Queen.

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Mitochondrial Electron Transport System: Definition, Steps, and Reaction for Class 11th, and NEET

Leave a Comment / Botany, Plant Physiology /

Bacterial electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation
Bacteria lack mitochondria, the electron transport system is located in the plasma membrane, and protons are translocated from the cytosol to the plasma membrane’s exterior. In aerobic bacteria, electrons travel from CoQ through cytochrome-based oxidoreductases to O2, which is then reduced to H2O, similar to the mitochondrial system.

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Teachers’ Role and Checklist for Supporting School Re-Opening Preparedness and COVID-19 Resurgences

Leave a Comment / General Questions /

The checklist is structured around protective measures connected to COVID-19-related WHO guidelines and is aligned with and builds on current COVID-19-related WHO guidelines.
1. Hand hygiene and respiratory etiquette
2)Physical separation
3) Mask use in schools
4) Environmental cleaning and ventilation
5) Following procedures for isolating all those experiencing symptoms.

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GLYCOLYSIS: Definition, Reactions, and 10 Steps for Class 10th and 11th

Leave a Comment / Botany, Plant Physiology /

GLYCOLYSIS
This pathway consists of a series of non-oxygenated glucose breakdown processes that occur during respiration. Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration are affected by this. G.Embden, O.Meyerhof, and J K Parnas were the first to discover the EMP pathway. There are ten steps in all, all of which are catalyzed by separate enzymes. Steps 1, 3, and 10 are irreversible, but the remaining reactions are reversible. The above-mentioned three stages are thermodynamically infeasible. Because the cytosol contains enzymes that catalyze glycolysis, the cytosol is the glycolysis site. Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose.
2 Pi + Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP —————— 2 Pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 ATP + 2H2O + 4H +

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CELLULAR RESPIRATION: Definition, Types, Combustion vs. Respiration, ATP and cells

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Combustion vs. respiration
Combustion (the burning of coal and other fuels) is an oxidative process, but it is not the same as respiration. Oxidation/chemical burning is used in both procedures. Combustion, like the burning of fuels and firewood, is a non-enzymatic, uncontrolled process. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is not made. In an uncontrolled manner, energy is released as heat and light.
Respiration is a well-regulated biochemical activity that is conducted by enzymes and is a key feature of living cells. The energy is stored as a biomolecule (ATP), which releases it as needed by the cell.

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Carnivorous Plants: Trapping mechanisms Evolution, Distribution and Uses

Leave a Comment / Botany, Economic Botany /

Pither plant
Pitcher plants are carnivorous plants with a pitfall trap, a deep depression filled with liquid that they use to catch their prey. Pitfall traps have evolved widely as a result of epiascidiation, with selection pressure favoring more deeply cupped leaves throughout time. The pitcher trap originated in three eudicot lineages and one monocot branch separately, demonstrating convergent evolution. Some pitcher plant families (such as Nepenthaceae) are classified as clades dominated by flypaper traps, implying that some pitchers may have evolved from the common ancestors of today’s flypaper traps via mucilage loss.

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Aloe Vera: Classification, Distribution, Characteristics, and Medicinal uses

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Distribution
The Aloe plant thrives in hot, humid climates and cannot withstand frigid temperatures. The majority of Aloe is grown in the Rio Grande Valley of South Texas, Florida, and Southern California in the United States. the southern United States of America, Southeast Asia, and the West Indies. Aloe is grown in about 250 different species all over the world. Aloe barbadensis Miller and Aloe arborescens are the only two species that are commercially produced.

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Nelumbo nucifera: Classification, Origin, Characteristics, Cultivation, and Medicinal Uses

Leave a Comment / Botany, Economic Botany /

The aquatic perennial Nelumbo nucifera belongs to the Nelumbonaceae family and is known by a variety of names (e.g. Indian lotus, Chinese water lily, and Sacred lotus). The lotus blossom is often featured in religious writings and art, as well as literature and oral traditions of numerous Asian nations, as a symbol of beauty and purity in both Hindu and Buddhist religions. The lotus is known as Nadro in Kashmir, and the Shia people of Kashmir celebrate the Nadru festival on March 21st each year. Lotus seeds are offered as a vegetable or as a raw material for Ayurvedic medication manufacture in Indian markets (kamal gotta). The alkaloid in lotus seeds and roots is said to be beneficial to health. Lotus is a significant and widely cultivated cash crop in many Asian countries, owing to the high edible and medicinal benefits of its leaves, seeds, and rhizomes.

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Maize Plant: Origin, Taxonomy,  Morphology, Seed Production, Planting, and Uses

Leave a Comment / Botany, Economic Botany /

uses of Maize
1. Maize is important for industrial purposes as well as animal feed in SSA, where it is directly used by the majority of the population as food, drinks, animal feeds and cooking energy.
2. Maize is processed into a variety of products, including starch, corn syrup, sweeteners, oil, beverages, glue, alcohol, and fuel ethanol.
3. Because maize seedlings have inadequate root and shoot systems, they must rely on nutrients stored in the caryopsis beneath the earth.
4. The seedling begins to capture more sunlight and manufacture its food as the leaves develop and the roots expand (photosynthesis).

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