Analysis of potassium (KCl) and sodium (NaCl), in Rain Water:With appropriate filters and standard solutions made from known concentrations of potassium (KCl) and sodium (NaCl), it is possible to determine Na+ and K+ directly using a flame photometer.
According to the mass balance of annual rainfall, over 70% of it is lost to direct evaporation and plant transpiration, with the remaining 30% flowing into streams. About 8% of this stream flow is used for irrigation, 2% for household purposes, 4% for industry, and 12% for electrical utilities. The two main uses of water are electric power plants and irrigation for agriculture.
Analysis in Rain Water Read More »
Rocks are solid aggregates or mixtures of minerals, mineraloids, or organic compounds that occur naturally. They are the fundamental constituents of the crust of the Earth and can be made up of one or several minerals. The rock cycle is a geological process that causes rocks to continuously change throughout time, moving from one type to another. Geology is the study of rocks and the processes that shape the Earth.
Rocks: Definition, Rock Cycle, Sedimentary, Metamorphic and Igneous Rocks Read More »
Soil Sampling
Take soil samples from various sites in the terrestrial habitat you are examining. To collect samples at different depths, use a shovel or soil auger.
A band of gases encircling the Earth’s surface is one of the four elements of the ecosystem (the other three being the biosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere). Within 20 miles of the surface of the earth, 99 percent of its mass is concentrated. The atmosphere just disappears into space, having no outer bound.
Minerals are inorganic crystalline materials that exist naturally and have certain chemical and physical characteristics. A mineral or group of minerals together to form rocks. Only a small number of the more than 2000 minerals are required to identify the majority of rocks. Rocks and minerals serve as the solids’ building blocks. The soil type is determined by its structure, content, and texture.
The Greek terms lithos, which means “rocky,” and sphaeros, which means “sphere,” are the source of the term “lithosphere.”
There was no atmosphere to retain the heat as the earth cooled. The cold temperature of space caused the surface to cool quickly (much like the top of a coffee cup does when it is exposed to air). As a result, a layer of cool rock formed, which later hardened to form the crust. Oceanic and continental lithospheres were produced as a result of variations in magma and are distinguished by the presence of granite on continents and basalt in seas, respectively.
Astrobiology and Exoplanets: The investigation of the origins of life beyond Earth is referred to as astrobiology. When it comes to exoplanets and moons in our solar system and beyond, scientists investigate their potential habitability. The finding of organic compounds in space and the discovery of exoplanets in the habitable zone both advance our knowledge of the possibility of life existing elsewhere in the universe.
The intricate web of life on Earth is woven through the interconnectedness of ecosystems. Ecosystems, defined as dynamic communities of living organisms interacting with each other and their environment, play a crucial role in maintaining the planet’s health and balance. Understanding the interconnected nature of ecosystems is essential for postgraduate students studying various scientific disciplines, as it provides a holistic perspective on the functioning of our planet’s diverse environments.
Geographical communities: Based on physical proximity.
Interest-based communities: Formed around shared hobbies, professions, or passions.
Virtual communities: Existing online, transcending geographical constraints.
