Botany

Zoology: Solved Previous Year Question Paper for NCERT/ CBSE Class 12th Zoology Paper code (SEIIRKO-13-81020-Q) 

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Question: Define Fertilization. Briefly enlist the events that take place during Fertilization.
Answer: Fertilization is the fusion of a sperm cell and an egg cell to form a single cell that has genetic material from both the egg and the sperm.
Events that take place during Fertilization:
1. Sperm binds to the egg and penetrates its outer layer.
2. The sperm and egg nuclei fuse, forming a single nucleus.
3. The egg is activated and begins the process of cell division.
4. The zygote begins to divide into two cells, then four cells, and so on.
5. The zygote starts to travel down the fallopian tube towards the uterus.

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Botany: Solved Previous Year’s Question Paper for NCERT/CBSE  Class 12th Botany Paper Code (RKDO18 —–20303-X)

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Question: (i)What is primary productivity ?
(ii) Why does it vary in different ecosystems ?
(ii) State the relationship between gross and primary productivity.
Answer: (i) Primary productivity is the rate at which energy is converted into organic matter by living organisms such as plants within an ecosystem.
(ii) It varies in different ecosystems due to the availability of resources, environmental factors such as temperature and light intensity, and the presence of other organisms.
(iii) The relationship between gross and primary productivity is that gross productivity is the total amount of energy produced by an ecosystem, while primary productivity is the amount of energy converted into organic matter. Gross productivity is the sum of all primary production, as well as respiration processes such as decomposition and consumption.

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Botany: Solved Previous Year’s Question Paper for NCERT/CBSE  Class 12th Botany Paper Code (HSEIIRKON17—–15320-A)

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Question: With the help of a flow diagram explain the flow of energy in an Ecosystem.
Ans: → Solar Energy from Sun → Plants (Photosynthesis) → Consumers (Herbivores) → Consumers (Carnivores) → Decomposers (Bacteria and Fungi) → Nutrients (Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen, etc.) → Plants (Respiration) → Consumers (Herbivores) → Consumers (Carnivores) → Decomposers (Bacteria and Fungi) → Nutrients (Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen, etc.) → Solar Energy from Sun

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Botany: Solved Previous Year’s Question Paper for NCERT/CBSE  Class 12th Botany Paper Code (HSEIIRKN15 6418-Y)

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Question: Do you think microbes can also be used as a source of energy? If yes, how? 

Ans: Yes, microbes can serve as a source of energy. Biomass may be used by microbes to produce biofuels like ethanol and biodiesel that can replace fossil fuels.

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Botany: Solved Previous Year’s Question Paper for NCERT/ CBSE  Class 12th Botany Paper Code (HSEIIRKN15—-6418-X) 

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Point out any three advantages of the tissue culture technique
Ans: 1. Rapid Multiplication: Tissue culture is a method for the quick growth of plants and can quickly multiply thousands of plants.
2. Disease-Free Plants: Tissue culture also aids in the production of disease-free, highly pest- and disease-resistant plants.
3. Quality Control: Tissue culture can be used to control plant quality. It assists in preserving the plants’ intended traits.

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Botany: Solved Previous Year’s Question Paper for   NCERT/ CBSE  Class 12th Botany Paper Code (HSEIIRKO14-1703-Z)

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Mutualism is a sort of symbiotic connection in which both species gain from their association. The relationship between bees and flowers is an illustration of mutualism. The bees gather nectar from the flowers, which gives them sustenance, while the blooms gain from pollination.
Commensalism is a sort of symbiotic interaction in which one organism gains while the other is unaffected. The interaction between barnacles and whales is an illustration of commensalism. The whales are unaffected as the barnacles adhere to them and eat the food scraps they churn up while swimming.

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Botany: Solved Previous Year’s Question Paper for NCERT/CBSE Class 12th Botany

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Question: In a Pisum sativum, the pods may be inflated (I. dominant) or constricted (i. recessive). What proportion of the offspring in the following crosses would be expected to be inflated?
(a) II x ii
(b) li x ii .
(c) II x II
Ans: (A) It would be assumed that all of the offspring would be inflated (100%).
(b) It would be assumed that 50% of the offspring would be inflated.
(c) It would be assumed that all of the offspring would be inflated (100%).

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Botany: Solved Previous Year’s Question Paper for   NCERT/ CBSE  Class 12th Botany Paper Code (SEIIKPJXII-34019-A)

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Why a need is felt to conserve biodiversity?
Ans: The preservation of biodiversity is crucial for the survival of our planet and the well-being of our environment, our economy, and ourselves. Clean air, clean water, and a stable climate are all made possible by biodiversity, which is the variety of life that exists within ecosystems. Additionally, it offers us other necessities for our survival, such as food, medication, and other resources. By protecting species and habitats that are necessary for a healthy world and ecosystem, we are guaranteeing that future generations can continue to take advantage of these crucial resources.

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Botany: Solved Previous Year’s Question Paper for  NCERT/ CBSE  Class 12th Botany Paper Code (HSE2KROXI)

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What kind of threats to biodiversity may lead to its loss?
Ans: Threats to biodiversity that can result in its extinction include habitat loss, pollution, invasive species, climate change, over-exploitation, and environmental changes brought on by humans.
1. Habitat Loss: Human activities like urbanisation, deforestation, and agricultural development are serious threats to biodiversity because they destroy and fragment ecosystems.
2. Climate Change: Climate change is affecting species’ life cycles, producing a shift in their ranges, and altering their abundance and distribution.
3. Pollution: Pollution, such as that in the air, water, and ground, can harm or destroy habitats and result in the extinction of species.
4. Invasive Species: These non-native species have the potential to outcompete native species for resources, reducing biodiversity.
5. Overharvesting: Taking too many species for commercial purposes might result in population decreases and put species in jeopardy.

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