LIFE PROCESSES: Very Short Answer Type Question for Class 10th Chapter 10 JKBOSE/NCERT

LIFE PROCESSES: Very Short Answer Type Question for Class 10th Chapter 10 JKBOSE/NCERT

 Very Short Answer Type Question [1 Mark]

Question 1. Mention the raw materials required for photosynthesis.

Ans: The raw materials required for photosynthesis are carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). These are used in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll to produce glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2).

Question 2. What are the final products after the digestion of carbohydrates and proteins?

Ans: The final products after digestion of carbohydrates are mainly glucose, which is a simple sugar. The final products after the digestion of proteins are amino acids.

Question 3. Name the green dot-like structures in some cells observed by a student when a leaf peel

Ans: The green dot-like structures observed in some cells of a leaf peel under a microscope are chloroplasts. The green colour is due to a pigment called chlorophyll, which is involved in the process of photosynthesis and was viewed under a microscope.

Question 4. Name the process in plants where water is lost as water vapour.

Ans: The process in plants where water is lost as water vapour is called transpiration. Transpiration occurs primarily through small openings called stomata present on the surface of leaves.

Question 5. What is translocation in plants?

Ans: Translocation in plants refers to the movement of sugars and other organic compounds through the phloem tissue from source to sink. The source refers to the site where sugars are produced or stored (e.g., leaves), and the sink refers to the site where sugars are utilized or stored (e.g., roots, fruits, or developing tissues). Translocation allows for the distribution of nutrients and energy throughout the plant

Question 6. What will happen to a plant if its xylem is removed?

Ans: If the xylem in a plant is completely removed, the plant would not be able to transport water and nutrients from the roots to the rest of the plant. Xylem plays a crucial role in water and mineral absorption, as well as providing structural support to the plant. Without the xylem, the plant would eventually wilt and die due to the inability to supply water and nutrients to its various parts.

Question 7. Name the mode of nutrition in human beings.

Ans: The mode of nutrition in human beings is heterotrophic nutrition. This means that humans obtain their nutrients by consuming organic matter from other organisms, such as plants or animals.

Question 8. Name the cartilaginous flap which closes the glottis to check the entry of food into it during swallowing

Ans: The cartilaginous flap that closes the glottis to prevent the entry of food during swallowing is called the epiglottis. The epiglottis covers the opening of the windpipe (trachea) to ensure that food goes down the esophagus and into the stomach, rather than entering the respiratory system.

Question 9. Name the form in which the energy derived from the food is stored in humans.

Ans: The energy derived from food is stored in humans in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). ATP is a high-energy molecule that serves as the primary energy currency in cells. It is produced during cellular respiration, which is the process by which cells convert glucose and other organic molecules into usable energy.

Question 10. Define photosynthesis.

Ans: Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose (a form of chemical energy) and oxygen. This process takes place in the chloroplasts of plant cells and is facilitated by chlorophyll, a pigment that absorbs light energy.

Question 11. Name the tissue that transports food from leaves to other parts of plants.

Ans: The tissue that transports food from leaves to other parts of plants is called phloem. Phloem is responsible for the translocation of sugars, amino acids, and other organic compounds produced during photosynthesis. It transports these nutrients from the source (usually leaves) to the sinks (other parts of the plant that require energy and nutrients).

Question 12. “The breathing cycle is rhythmic whereas the exchange of gases is a continuous process”.Justify this statement.

Ans: The breathing cycle in humans refers to the inhalation and exhalation of air, which occurs in a rhythmic pattern. On the other hand, the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the respiratory system and the bloodstream is a continuous process. During inhalation, oxygen is taken in from the air and transferred to the bloodstream, while carbon dioxide is removed from the bloodstream and exhaled during exhalation. This exchange of gases occurs continuously to ensure the supply of oxygen to the body’s tissues and the removal of carbon dioxide waste.

Question 13. Define transpiration.

Ans: Transpiration is the process by which water evaporates from the surface of plant leaves and stems and exits through small pores called stomata.

Question 14. Name the tissue which transports water and minerals in a plant.

Ans: The tissue which transports water and minerals in a plant is called the xylem.

Question 15. Where from autotrophs obtain CO2 and H2O to make their food?

Ans: Autotrophs obtain CO2 and H2O from the air and soil, respectively, to make their food through the process of photosynthesis.

Question 16. Which pancreatic enzyme is effective in digesting protein?

Ans: The pancreatic enzyme effective in digesting protein is called trypsin.

Question 17. Name the tissue which transports soluble products of photosynthesis in a plant.

Ans: The tissue which transports soluble products of photosynthesis in a plant is called phloem.

Question 18. Which enzyme present in saliva breaks down starch?

Ans: The enzyme present in saliva that breaks down starch is called amylase.

Question 19. What is the role of saliva in the digestion of food?

Ans: Saliva plays a role in the digestion of food by moistening and lubricating the food, breaking down starch with the enzyme amylase, and initiating the process of chemical digestion.

Question 20. Name the stored food of animals.

Ans: The stored food of animals varies depending on the species, but common examples include glycogen in the liver and muscles of mammals, and fat in adipose tissue.

Question 21. How does the transport of water occur at night in the absence of transpiration?

Ans: Transport of water at night in the absence of transpiration occurs through a process called guttation, where water is forced out of the plant through specialized structures called hydathodes.

Question 22. Name the component of food not digested in the stomach.

Ans: The component of food not digested in the stomach is fibre.

Question 23. Mention the site of the complete digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats in humans.

Ans: The site of the complete digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in humans is the small intestine.

Question 24. How do plant cells change their shape?

Ans: Plant cells change their shape through a process called turgor pressure, where water enters the cell and pushes against the cell wall, causing the cell to expand and change shape.

Question 25. Name the form in which energy derived from food is stored in humans.

Ans: The form in which energy derived from food is stored in humans is ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

Question 26. Name the process used by single-celled organisms for taking in food, exchange of gases or removal of wastes

Ans: Single-celled organisms use processes such as diffusion or active transport for taking in food, exchange of gases, or removal of wastes. Some organisms such as amoeba use pseudopodia (false feet) to engulf food particles.