February 2022

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells: Definition, Structure, and Differences

Leave a Comment / Cell and Molecular Biology, Zoology /

Prokaryotic Cell
1. The genetic material is present in the form of a nucleoid, but there is no structured nucleus.
2. The nuclear membrane is missing.
3. Histones are not complex with DNA.
4. Circular DNA that isn’t packed into chromosomes.
5. Organelles that are membrane-bound are not present.
6. Type 70 s ribosome
7. Murein is used to make the cell wall.
8. Flagella simple is made up of flagellin and lacks the 9+2 organization.
9…There was no evidence of cytoplasmic streaming.
10. Microtubules are not present.
11. Various types of pili can be found.

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Common Cold: Definition, Causes, Symptoms, and  Prevention Suggestions

Leave a Comment / Human Welfare, Zoology /

SUGGESTIONS FOR PREVENTION
Hands should be washed with soap and water before eating. Between handwashings, Alcohol-based hand sanitizers can be utilized.
Soiled tissues should be discarded. Clean your personal space (desk, phone, remote, keyboard, mouse, bathroom sink, doorknobs, and light switch plates) with antiseptic wipes (Lysol® or Clorox®). Change your pillowcases and bedsheets at least once a week, preferably in hot water.

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DNA REPLICATION: DNA STRUCTURE, DNA-Dependent DNA Polymerase, Leading and Lagging strand

Leave a Comment / Botany, Genetics /

DNA REPLICATION: Definition During cell division, DNA replication occurs. It’s bidirectional, discontinuous, and semi-conservative (semi-conservative mechanism was demonstrated by Meselson and Stahl in 1958).DNA replication is a critical mechanism for an organism’s cell development, repair, and reproduction. OVERVIEW OF DNA STRUCTURE James Watson and Francis Crick established the structural model of DNA for the first

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DNA Packaging: Definition, Histone proteins, and Non-Histone proteins

Leave a Comment / Genetics /

Why is it necessary to package DNA?
The DNA is around 3 meters long and must fit into the nucleus, which is only a few micrometers in diameter. The DNA molecules must be packed into an incredibly compressed and compact structure called chromatin to fit into the nucleus. The DNA is reduced to an 11 nm fiber during the earliest phases of packaging, which represents approximately 5-6 folds of compaction. This is accomplished by packaging nucleosomes in a specific order. DNA packaging is divided into three categories.
1. The nucleosome is the first-order DNA packing.
2. Solenoid fiber is a type of second-order DNA packing.
3. Scaffold loop Chromatids Chromosome is the third order DNA packaging.

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Chromosome- Structure, Types, and Functions for Class 12th and NEET students

Leave a Comment / Genetics /

The Role and Importance of Chromosomes
Storage of Genetic Code: The genetic material essential for the organism’s development and growth is stored in the chromosome. A series of components called genes make up DNA molecules. Genes are regions of DNA that code for certain proteins that the cell needs to function properly.
Sex Determination: Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, one of which is designated as the sex chromosome. The gender of a child is determined by the chromosome passed down by the father. The child will be female if the X chromosome is passed out of the XY chromosome, and a male child will develop if the Y chromosome is passed out of the XY chromosome.
Control of Cell Division: During the process of mitosis, chromosomes check for successful cell division. The parent cells’ chromosomes ensure that the necessary information is passed on to the daughter cells that the cell needs to grow and develop properly.
Protein Synthesis and Storage: Chromosomes direct the sequences of proteins synthesized in our bodies and also keep DNA in order. The proteins are also kept in the chromosomes’ coiled shape. These proteins that are linked to DNA aid in the correct packaging of DNA.

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Mutation: Definition, Types, Effects, and Examples

Leave a Comment / Botany, Genetics /

Aneuploidy: It is characterized by the loss or gain of a chromosomal set. It’s a situation in which one or a few chromosomes are added or removed from the usual amount of chromosomes. As a result, the number of chromosomes in aneuploidy can differ from the number of chromosomes in the wild type.
Nullisomy, monosomy, and trisomy are three different kinds of aneuploidy.
1. Nullisomy (2n-2) is the lack of both homologous pair chromosomes. Most creatures may die as a result of these conditions.
2. Monosomy (2n-1) is the loss of one of the homologous pair’s chromosomes.
3. Trisomy refers to the addition of a second chromosome (2n+1). Trisomy includes conditions such as Klinefelter syndrome (44+XXY/XYY) and Down syndrome.

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